5. Implications for teaching and learning process
In general, students’ problem solving based on conceptual and procedural knowledge was weak because most
of the students had alternative framework and had poor control of the microscopic level in the integrated science
process skills tested. Therefore, multiple efforts are required to increase the effectiveness of science teaching and
learning process in order to overcome students’ problems. The teaching of Science based on the concept of change which is generated from the Inquiry approach can overcome the alternative framework as well as increase
students’ scientific skills. This proposition can be shown in Table 6.
Through the teaching strategies shown in Table 2, it is expected that teachers will have the capacity to deal
with students’ problems, especially in developing conceptual and procedural knowledge effectively. These
findings thus open a new chapter in scientific research to improve the effectiveness of teaching and learning of
Science. Thus, this effort can lead towards strengthening science education and civilization of community.