2.4. Statistical Analyses
Group differences in percent of total sperm motility,percent of progressive sperm motility, curvilinear velocity and percent of SMI were evaluated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) procedures. When data for dependent variables failed the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, the Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA on ranks statistic was used to test
for differences in median values among the groups; and when significant, Dunn’s method of pairwise multiple comparison procedures was used to identify the group or
groups that differed from the others. The Holm-Sidak method was used for pairwise comparisons of normally distributed data. Group differences among pregnancy rates
were evaluated by Fisher’s exact test.