Data on the composition of foods are significant as they can be
referred to diet quality. Such data are also necessary as a guideline
for food reference data. Proximate analysis is one system and includes
some fundamental information such as water (moisture),
ash, crude fat, crude protein, and crude fiber. For thua nao, the
proximate data can be traced back to the original work of Sundhagul
et al [23]. Table 2 shows proximate composition data of thua
nao obtained from different research work [23e25]. It should be
noted that there are variations in data obtained which may result
from different soybean cultivars, cultivation, and microbial cultures
used.