granular tetrad pollen (e.g. Xylopia, Cananga), does not belong with these genera (our xylopioid clade) but rather with several genera with pseudosyncarpous fruits (Letestudoxa, Duguetia, Pachypodanthium), which together with Uvaria and Toussaintia form our uvarioid clade. TEM observations show that despite the convergence of its pollen with the xylopioids at the LM level.