Over China’s long history of aquaculture development, great achievements have been made by enhancingaquaculture as the major contributor to aquatic products supply, while lessons have also been learnt thataquaculture has been developing at the cost of environment. Priority is now given to the aquaculture development in the light of green growth, which attaches importance to both environment protection andhigh productivity. To sustain Chinese aquaculture in a green-growth manner, polices changes have beenmade, a comprehensive legal framework has been developed, and an organized institutional frameworkhas been set up. The extension of science and technology also serves as the back-up for green growth inChinese aquaculture. Chinese aquaculture is still confronted with various challenges, while green growthwill be the key to a more responsible and prosperous aquaculture industry in China.