Tracheostomy timing and the duration of weaning in patients with
acute respiratory failure
Abstract
Introduction The effect of various airway management strategies, such as the timing of tracheostomy,
on liberation from mechanical ventilation (MV) is uncertain. We tested the hypothesis that
tracheostomy, when performed prior to active weaning, does not influence the duration of weaning or
of MV in comparison with a more selective use of tracheostomy.
Patients and methods In this observational prospective cohort study, surgical patients requiring ≥ 72
hours of MV were followed prospectively. Patients undergoing tracheostomy prior to any active
weaning attempts (early tracheostomy [ET]) were compared with patients in whom initial weaning
attempts were made with the endotracheal tube in place (selective tracheostomy [ST]).
Results We compared the duration of weaning, the total duration of MV and the frequency of fatigue
and pneumonia. Seventy-four patients met inclusion criteria. Twenty-one patients in the ET group were
compared with 53 patients in the ST group (47% of whom ultimately underwent tracheostomy). The
median duration of weaning was shorter (3 days versus 6 days, P = 0.05) in patients in the ET group
than in the ST group, but the duration of MV was not (median [interquartile range], 11 days [9–26 days]
in the ET group versus 13 days [8–21 days] in the ST group). The frequencies of fatigue and
pneumonia were lower in the ET group patients.
Discussion Determining the ideal timing of tracheostomy in critically ill patients has been difficult and
often subjective. To standardize this process, it is important to identify objective criteria to identify
patients most likely to benefit from the procedure. Our data suggest that in surgical patients with
resolving respiratory failure, a patient who meets typical criteria for a trial of spontaneous breathing but
is not successfully extubated within 24 hours may benefit from a tracheostomy. Our data provide a
framework for the conduct of a clinical trial in which tracheostomy timing can be assessed for its impact
on the duration of weaning.
Conclusion Tracheostomy prior to active weaning may hasten liberation f
Tracheostomy timing and the duration of weaning in patients withacute respiratory failureAbstractIntroduction The effect of various airway management strategies, such as the timing of tracheostomy,on liberation from mechanical ventilation (MV) is uncertain. We tested the hypothesis thattracheostomy, when performed prior to active weaning, does not influence the duration of weaning orof MV in comparison with a more selective use of tracheostomy.Patients and methods In this observational prospective cohort study, surgical patients requiring ≥ 72hours of MV were followed prospectively. Patients undergoing tracheostomy prior to any activeweaning attempts (early tracheostomy [ET]) were compared with patients in whom initial weaningattempts were made with the endotracheal tube in place (selective tracheostomy [ST]).Results We compared the duration of weaning, the total duration of MV and the frequency of fatigueand pneumonia. Seventy-four patients met inclusion criteria. Twenty-one patients in the ET group werecompared with 53 patients in the ST group (47% of whom ultimately underwent tracheostomy). Themedian duration of weaning was shorter (3 days versus 6 days, P = 0.05) in patients in the ET groupthan in the ST group, but the duration of MV was not (median [interquartile range], 11 days [9–26 days]in the ET group versus 13 days [8–21 days] in the ST group). The frequencies of fatigue andpneumonia were lower in the ET group patients.
Discussion Determining the ideal timing of tracheostomy in critically ill patients has been difficult and
often subjective. To standardize this process, it is important to identify objective criteria to identify
patients most likely to benefit from the procedure. Our data suggest that in surgical patients with
resolving respiratory failure, a patient who meets typical criteria for a trial of spontaneous breathing but
is not successfully extubated within 24 hours may benefit from a tracheostomy. Our data provide a
framework for the conduct of a clinical trial in which tracheostomy timing can be assessed for its impact
on the duration of weaning.
Conclusion Tracheostomy prior to active weaning may hasten liberation f
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