This policy causes controversies globally. Different interest groups exhibite different attitudes over it (Guo,
2010). The first group, including Thai and Korean airline carriers, welcomes the policy, and is ready to join the
EU ETS. The second group is somehow supportive, including Brazil and Middle Eastern airline carriers,
believing they would benefit from the EU ETS in the long term because of their advantages in developing new
bio-fuel. However, the third group, including airline carriers from China, United States, and many other
countries, protests that the policy is not fair and has potential negative impacts on their aviation industries
(Malina et al, 2012). It is widely believed by those in the third group that European Union (EU) charges for
"carbon fee" unilaterally are a violation of the "Chicago Convention" and the "Kyoto Protocol". Some even
declair that such a policy will not only violate other countries’ airspace sovereignty thereby against international
law, but also increase the cost of the international aviation unnecessarily