Wang et al. [38] claim a cooling of 90 W/cm2 with a 100°C temperature rise using a flow rate of only 8 ml/min. Researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology studied a closed loop impingement jet [39]. Cooling of almost 180 W/cm2 has been realized using water, using a flow of 0.3 l/min at 300 kPa. The micropump used 7 W to drive it.