ACKNOWLEDGMENTS wish to express my appreciation to the Rockefeuer Founda- 1 tion for financial support that bas helped to make possible this volume and others I have undertaken on the subject of governments and oppositions. I am also indebted to the Concilium of Yale University for financial assistance from the Henry L. Stimson Fund for Research in World Affairs and to Yale University for a Senior Faculty Fellowship that en- abled me to complete the manuscript. The comments of a number of colleagues who have read various drafts in whole or in part have been particularly help- ful. These include Frederick Barghoorn, Robert Dix, William Foltz, Michael Leiserson, Rajni Kothari, Juan Linz, and Gordon Skilling, all of whom are coauthors of a companion volume, Regimes and oppositions, and also Hans Daalder, Joseph LaPalombara, Val Lorwin, Nelson Polsby, and Stein Rokkan. wish to thank students in my graduate and under- graduate courses for allowing themselves to be subjected to a draft of the manuscript and providing reactions that were often extremely useful. trans- For the patience, skill, and speed with which they formed my drafts into readable typescript, I wish to express both my thanks and my admiration to Mrs. Betty Mauceri, Mrs. Miriam Swanson, and Mrs. Nancy Hoskins. And once again I have incteased my debt to Mrs. Marian Ash for her editorial supervision at the Yale University Press. R.A.D.