SPONTANEITY, EQUILIBRIUM, AND THE MENNING OF G, rG,Go, and rGo
To ground our textbook study first the different meanings of G, G,Go, and rGo need to be explained. Doing so involves the presentation of two thermodynamic energies: Gibbs (G) and Helmholtz (A). The fundamentals of this introduction are usually developed with more detail in physical chemistry textbooks, 55-59 as well as in advanced thermodynamics textbooks. 60-63 Ultimately. Those current of affinity due to be Donder. 64 That is, the fundamentals of Gibbs energy 65-67 will serve as basis for discussion. Eventually, this previous analysis will help when we later review how first-year university chemistry textbooks. Deal with both equilibrium and spontaneous reactions.
The change in the Gibbs energy (G) at constant pressure and temperature for an ideal gas chemical reaction (i.e., spontaneous process) is presented. This procedure may also be applied to the thermodynamic energy A (i.e., chemical reaction at constant T and V). The development and integration of the general condition for spontaneity. Keeping in mind this general condition. We will be able to account for the different meanings of G, rG Go, and rGo. 65 All this previous discussion will serve as a proper reference when we analyze how fires-year textbooks. Define and use the aforementioned Gibbs quantities.