Conclusions
Empirical treatment of a VAP with a high probability of a
MDR pathogen is one of the major challenges facing an
intensivist. Similarly, it is complex the directed therapy
especially when a very-difficult-to-treat MDR-GNB (i.e.
carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae, extremely drugresistant
A baumannii or P aeruginosa) is confirmed as the
etiology of the pneumonia. Our personal point of view for the treatment of VAP caused by MDR pathogens is summarized
as a Decalogue in Table 1. Doses of antibiotics
recommended for these infections are depicted in Table 2.