Additionally, Tarone (1981) suggested that to achieve the real communicative goals,
communication strategies should be regarded not only as problematic mechanisms to solve
individual communication difficulties or breakdowns, but also as mutual attempts of two
interlocutors which would bridge the gap caused by their limited linguistic knowledge to
reach particular communicative goal, thus providing them opportunities to receive more input
of the target language and produce new utterances. Therefore, to overcome their difficulties
and generate the target language to achieve communicative goals in actual interaction,
interactional strategies (e.g., clarification request, confirmation check, and comprehension
check) and also interactional strategies (e.g., circumlocution, approximation, and wordcoinage)
were employed by speakers.