The main risk of insulin therapy, which is increased with tight glycaemic
control, is hypoglycaemia. Recurrent episodes of hypoglycaemia are suggested
to cause permanent cognitive impairment, but recent data does
not support this link.3
Dawn versus Somogyi phenomena: There is a normal rise in plasma
glucose concentrations in the early morning. This is believed to be due to
increased growth hormone secretion overnight that leads to mild insulin
resistance, combined with increased nocturnal cortisol secretion, triggering
gluconeogenesis.3 People with T1DM may record elevated capillary glucose
before breakfast due to these effects.
However, there is also the rarely occurring Somogyi phenomenon, where
an overnight hypoglycaemic episode triggers a rebound hyperglycaemia,
with an increase in plasma ketones. Pre-breakfast hyperglycaemia may
require adjustments to an insulin regime.
The main risk of insulin therapy, which is increased with tight glycaemic
control, is hypoglycaemia. Recurrent episodes of hypoglycaemia are suggested
to cause permanent cognitive impairment, but recent data does
not support this link.3
Dawn versus Somogyi phenomena: There is a normal rise in plasma
glucose concentrations in the early morning. This is believed to be due to
increased growth hormone secretion overnight that leads to mild insulin
resistance, combined with increased nocturnal cortisol secretion, triggering
gluconeogenesis.3 People with T1DM may record elevated capillary glucose
before breakfast due to these effects.
However, there is also the rarely occurring Somogyi phenomenon, where
an overnight hypoglycaemic episode triggers a rebound hyperglycaemia,
with an increase in plasma ketones. Pre-breakfast hyperglycaemia may
require adjustments to an insulin regime.
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