as well as encroachments on the river itself, i.e., for example, intake with and without damming up of the river. In the following, the most common types of intakes and structures for small installations will be described. The overhead intake which is suitable for low-head power plants for energy production on large rivers will not be described here in detail. As regards smaller intake structures for small irrigation projects, small hydro-power plants, etc., the description will be limited here to the lateral intake with and without damming, and the bottom intake.