B. Model initialization and forcing
The model is initialized by setting the velocity, temperature
and salinity fields to zero. The above set up known as “cold
start” requires the model run for a spin up period before
it reaches a state of statistical equilibrium. In the present
application, a typhoon spin up period was adequate for the
model to reach the equilibrium and to provide the realistic
results. The forcing of model during the spin up period and the
subsequent model simulations require the use of the following
meteorological data: temperature, salinity, sea level pressure
(Figure 3), and wind speed and its direction (Figure 2). The
wind and pressure fields were obtained from the U.S. Navy
Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) which is a
global atmospheric forecast model with 1◦×1◦ data resolution
(Hogan and Rosmond [9]; Harr et al. [5]). The temperature
and salinity [16] with 1◦ × 1◦ data resolution provided by
Levitus94 (Levitus and Boyer [7]; Levitus et al. [6]) were
indicated by the climatological monthly mean fields in the
model. The high resolution of 0.1◦ × 0.1◦ spatial grid size
gave 121 × 121 points by using the bilinear interpolation of
these data in the horizontal coordinate [11]. In the vertical
coordinate, 21 -levels were employed for adequacy and
computational efficiency. The model time steps were 20 s
and 1200 s (20 min) for the external and internal time steps,
respectively.
B. Model initialization and forcing
The model is initialized by setting the velocity, temperature
and salinity fields to zero. The above set up known as “cold
start” requires the model run for a spin up period before
it reaches a state of statistical equilibrium. In the present
application, a typhoon spin up period was adequate for the
model to reach the equilibrium and to provide the realistic
results. The forcing of model during the spin up period and the
subsequent model simulations require the use of the following
meteorological data: temperature, salinity, sea level pressure
(Figure 3), and wind speed and its direction (Figure 2). The
wind and pressure fields were obtained from the U.S. Navy
Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) which is a
global atmospheric forecast model with 1◦×1◦ data resolution
(Hogan and Rosmond [9]; Harr et al. [5]). The temperature
and salinity [16] with 1◦ × 1◦ data resolution provided by
Levitus94 (Levitus and Boyer [7]; Levitus et al. [6]) were
indicated by the climatological monthly mean fields in the
model. The high resolution of 0.1◦ × 0.1◦ spatial grid size
gave 121 × 121 points by using the bilinear interpolation of
these data in the horizontal coordinate [11]. In the vertical
coordinate, 21 -levels were employed for adequacy and
computational efficiency. The model time steps were 20 s
and 1200 s (20 min) for the external and internal time steps,
respectively.
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