In grammatical analysis, most phrases contain a key word that identifies the type and linguistic features of the phrase; this is known as the head-word, or the head. The syntactic category of the head is used to name the category of the phrase;[1] for example, a phrase whose head is a noun is called a noun phrase. The remaining words in a phrase are called the dependents of the head.
In the following phrases the head-word, or head, is bolded:
too slowly — Adverb phrase (AdvP); the head is an adverb
very happy — Adjective phrase (AP); the head is an adjective
the massive dinosaur — Noun phrase (NP); the head is a noun; in some modern theories this is considered a determiner phrase, with the as the head
at lunch — Preposition phrase (PP); the head is a preposition
watch TV — Verb phrase (VP); the head is a verb
The above five examples are the most common of phrase types; but, by the logic of 'heads' and 'dependents', others can be routinely produced. For instance, the 'subordinator' phrase:
before that happened — Subordinator phrase (SP); the head is a subordinate conjunction—it subordinates the independent clause
By linguistic analysis this is a group of words that qualifies as a phrase, and the head-word gives its syntactic name, "subordinator", to the grammatical category of the entire phrase. But this phrase, "before that happened", is more commonly classified in other grammars as a subordinate clause (or dependent clause); and it is labelled not as a phrase, but as a clause, among these grammars, including traditional English.
Most theories of syntax view most phrases as having a head, but some non-headed phrases are acknowledged. A phrase lacking a head is known as exocentric, and phrases with heads are endocentric.
In grammatical analysis, most phrases contain a key word that identifies the type and linguistic features of the phrase; this is known as the head-word, or the head. The syntactic category of the head is used to name the category of the phrase;[1] for example, a phrase whose head is a noun is called a noun phrase. The remaining words in a phrase are called the dependents of the head.
In the following phrases the head-word, or head, is bolded:
too slowly — Adverb phrase (AdvP); the head is an adverb
very happy — Adjective phrase (AP); the head is an adjective
the massive dinosaur — Noun phrase (NP); the head is a noun; in some modern theories this is considered a determiner phrase, with the as the head
at lunch — Preposition phrase (PP); the head is a preposition
watch TV — Verb phrase (VP); the head is a verb
The above five examples are the most common of phrase types; but, by the logic of 'heads' and 'dependents', others can be routinely produced. For instance, the 'subordinator' phrase:
before that happened — Subordinator phrase (SP); the head is a subordinate conjunction—it subordinates the independent clause
By linguistic analysis this is a group of words that qualifies as a phrase, and the head-word gives its syntactic name, "subordinator", to the grammatical category of the entire phrase. But this phrase, "before that happened", is more commonly classified in other grammars as a subordinate clause (or dependent clause); and it is labelled not as a phrase, but as a clause, among these grammars, including traditional English.
Most theories of syntax view most phrases as having a head, but some non-headed phrases are acknowledged. A phrase lacking a head is known as exocentric, and phrases with heads are endocentric.
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