Purpose: To characterize sleep patterns and predictors of poor sleep quality in a large population of
college students. This study extends the 2006 National Sleep Foundation examination of sleep in early
adolescence by examining sleep in older adolescents.
Method: One thousand one hundred twenty-five students aged 17 to 24 years from an urban
Midwestern university completed a cross-sectional online survey about sleep habits that included
the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, the Horne-Ostberg Morningness–
Eveningness Scale, the Profile of Mood States, the Subjective Units of Distress Scale, and
questions about academic performance, physical health, and psychoactive drug use.
Results: Students reported disturbed sleep; over 60% were categorized as poor-quality sleepers by
the PSQI, bedtimes and risetimes were delayed during weekends, and students reported frequently
taking prescription, over the counter, and recreational psychoactive drugs to alter sleep/wakefulness.
Students classified as poor-quality sleepers reported significantly more problems with physical and
psychological health than did good-quality sleepers. Students overwhelmingly stated that emotional
and academic stress negatively impacted sleep. Multiple regression analyses revealed that tension
and stress accounted for 24% of the variance in the PSQI score, whereas exercise, alcohol and caffeine
consumption, and consistency of sleep schedule were not significant predictors of sleep quality.
Conclusions: These results demonstrate that insufficient sleep and irregular sleep–wake patterns,
which have been extensively documented in younger adolescents, are also present at alarming levels
in the college student population. Given the close relationships between sleep quality and physical and
mental health, intervention programs for sleep disturbance in this population should be considered.
! 2010 Society for Adolescent Medicine. All rights reserved.
Purpose: To characterize sleep patterns and predictors of poor sleep quality in a large population ofcollege students. This study extends the 2006 National Sleep Foundation examination of sleep in earlyadolescence by examining sleep in older adolescents.Method: One thousand one hundred twenty-five students aged 17 to 24 years from an urbanMidwestern university completed a cross-sectional online survey about sleep habits that includedthe Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, the Horne-Ostberg Morningness–Eveningness Scale, the Profile of Mood States, the Subjective Units of Distress Scale, andquestions about academic performance, physical health, and psychoactive drug use.Results: Students reported disturbed sleep; over 60% were categorized as poor-quality sleepers bythe PSQI, bedtimes and risetimes were delayed during weekends, and students reported frequentlytaking prescription, over the counter, and recreational psychoactive drugs to alter sleep/wakefulness.Students classified as poor-quality sleepers reported significantly more problems with physical andpsychological health than did good-quality sleepers. Students overwhelmingly stated that emotionaland academic stress negatively impacted sleep. Multiple regression analyses revealed that tensionand stress accounted for 24% of the variance in the PSQI score, whereas exercise, alcohol and caffeineconsumption, and consistency of sleep schedule were not significant predictors of sleep quality.Conclusions: These results demonstrate that insufficient sleep and irregular sleep–wake patterns,which have been extensively documented in younger adolescents, are also present at alarming levelsin the college student population. Given the close relationships between sleep quality and physical andmental health, intervention programs for sleep disturbance in this population should be considered.! 2010 Society for Adolescent Medicine. All rights reserved.
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