cultivating fed species (e.g., finfish or shrimps fed sustainable commercial diets) with extractive species, which utilize the inorganic (e.g., seaweeds or other aquatic vegetation) and organic (e.g., suspension- and deposit-feeders) excess nutrients from fed aquaculture for their growth. Thus, extractive aquaculture produces valuable biomass, while simultaneously rendering biomitigative services for the surrounding ecosystem and humans. Through IMTA, some of the uneaten feed and wastes, nutrients, and by-products, considered “lost” from the fed ...