The differences in mean grain intakes from 1986 to 1994 were compared by using Wilcoxon’s signed-rank tests. We determined the age- and energy-adjusted means for lifestyle and dietary characteristics across increasing quintiles of whole-grain intakes. Tests for linear trend were calculated by assigning the median value for each quintile of intake treated as a continuous variable by using linear (for continuous outcome variables) or logistic (for dichotomous outcome variables) regression models.