The initial detection validation by a classifier is
present in the literature [18, 19], however, due to
high variability of the appearance and the geometric
shape of marine vehicles, this approach is not very
explored. Bloisi et al. [19] proposed an initial
detector based on a ensemble classifier trained
offline with Haar wavelet features. The ensemble
was designed to increase the robustness of initial
detection in cases where a vessel is anchored and
when sunlight reflections or white foam are present
at the sea surface. Teutsch and Kruger [18] train a
SVM classifier with the features invariant moments,
some statistical measures such as mean and
variance, texture analysis, co-occurrence matrices
and the gradient analysis to classify vehicles in two
steps. At the first step the detected candidates are
classified into objects over the ocean or clutter. If it
is classified as an object over the ocean, the object is
classified as a marine vehicle or an irrelevant object
in the second step. Sullivan and M. Shah [31] detect
marine vehicles with the similarity value between
the result of the FFT transform applied to vehicles