New analytical models and management
tools will be needed as well. Multispecies
and eco-trophic models (20–22) must be refined
and expanded to better account for
system-level uncertainties, to derive systemlevel
reference points, and to evaluate the
ecosystem-level consequences of proposed
EBFM actions (19, 23). Because EBFM
emphasizes habitat and ecosystem function
in the context of fluctuations, advanced
models for EBFM should incorporate spatial
structure and environmental processes