Two freezing processes were applied: air-blast freezing (conventional
method) was performed in a pilot freezer (Servathin, Poissy, France)
at −30 °C using an air speed 4 m/s, during 2 h (AF samples); pressure
shift freezing (PSF samples) was carried out in a 3.5 L reactor unit (ACB
Pressure Systems, Nantes, France) equipped with temperature and
pressure regulator device. The temperature of the transmittingmedium
(ethanol/water 50/50 %v/v) was maintained at −18 °C. Samples were
placed in the vessel and the pressurewas increased to 200 MPa at a rate
of 3 MPa/s.When the temperature of samples reached−18 °C, pressure
was rapidly released (2 s) to initiate the nucleation process. After