Th ese reforms did not, however, fundamentally alter the dualist nature
of the apartheid labour market system. Adler 3 argues that the reforms were
necessary because they “opened up a process through which the unions were
able to transform the system from within”. Black-led unions then began to
organize and recruit workers in a climate of legitimacy and despite concerted
eff orts by government and employers to restrain their growth, they were able
to demand and win signifi cant concessions.