2.1. Event management as a profession
A quick look at the main event-related professional associations reveals them to be very well established, but also divided on the basis of event form. In 1885, the International Association of Fairs and Expositions (IAFE) began with a half dozen fairs, while the International Association for Exhibition Management was organized in 1928 as the National Association of Exposition Managers to represent the interests of tradeshow and exposition managers. The International Festivals and Events Association celebrated its 50th year in 2005, and its orientation appeals to community festivals and other celebrations.
Established in 1972, Meeting Professionals International (MPI) is the (self-proclaimed) leading global community committed to shaping and defining the future of the meeting and event industry. The International Special Events Society (ISES) was founded in 1987 and embraces both event designers/producers and their numerous suppliers. As well, there are associations for carnivals, and many arts and sports-specific associations that deal with events, and they organize at local, national and international levels.
It will be difficult to change this well-established pattern of professionalization, that is to evolve from specializations based on the form of event (such as ‘festival manager’, ‘exhibition designer’, or ‘convention planner’) to a generic ‘event management’ profession. No doubt the professional associations will continue to compete for members and prestige, although there are signs that some of the associations have been broadening their scope and appeal. The evolution towards generic event management will also be facilitated by educational institutions offering professional event management degrees, and by employers who will increasingly want adaptable professionals.
Historically, there were few if any academic programs in event management prior to the 1990s. Since then the literature on events has exploded, accompanying a global move to establish diploma and degree programs. There are a growing number of Masters programs in event management, and numerous individual courses offered in tourism, leisure, sport and hospitality programs. In the United Kingdom, the Association for Events Management Education (AEME) was established in 2004 “…in order to support and raise the profile of the events discipline through the sharing of education and best practice” (www.aeme.co.uk).
Several research journals are devoted to this field, starting with Festival Management and Event Tourism in 1993, later renamed Event Management. Convention and Exhibition Management was recently renamed Convention and Event Tourism, and an online journal of Event Management research has been established. The World Journal of Managing Events is the latest addition.
2.2. Event studies
New academic fields such as tourism, leisure or hospitality studies generally arise from professional practice that justifies courses or degree programs at universities and colleges. When a critical mass of students, programs, and teachers is reached, research and publications in research journals follow. The academics who teach, do research and publish within the emerging field typically need to elevate the status of their work from that of purely applied to something more theoretical and at the same time academically credible. This describes the evolution of tourism management with tourism studies, and recreation management with leisure studies, so we can similarly justify the relationships between ‘event management’ and ‘event studies’.
The study of events has long existed within several disciplines, manifested in research and theory development on (for example) the anthropology, geography or economics of events, but the term ‘event studies’ appears to have been coined in 2000, and then only in passing in Getz's speech in the Events Beyond 2000 (Sydney) conference. In a 2002 article in Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management Getz explicitly discussed event studies and event management, questioning their possible status as disciplines or fields (Getz (1998), Getz (1999) and Getz (2002)).
Event studies was an unnecessary and perhaps irrelevant idea until academics doing event-related teaching and research had published a critical mass of papers and books, met at event-specific research conferences, established event-specific journals, and generated sufficient interest in theory. In terms of events-related education the majority of programs appear to be at either the practical, hands-on level (encompassing ‘event design’) or those with emphasis on applying management theory and methods to events and event-producing organizations. Event tourism is generally covered within tourism degree programs as a topic or a single course.
2.1. Event management as a professionA quick look at the main event-related professional associations reveals them to be very well established, but also divided on the basis of event form. In 1885, the International Association of Fairs and Expositions (IAFE) began with a half dozen fairs, while the International Association for Exhibition Management was organized in 1928 as the National Association of Exposition Managers to represent the interests of tradeshow and exposition managers. The International Festivals and Events Association celebrated its 50th year in 2005, and its orientation appeals to community festivals and other celebrations.Established in 1972, Meeting Professionals International (MPI) is the (self-proclaimed) leading global community committed to shaping and defining the future of the meeting and event industry. The International Special Events Society (ISES) was founded in 1987 and embraces both event designers/producers and their numerous suppliers. As well, there are associations for carnivals, and many arts and sports-specific associations that deal with events, and they organize at local, national and international levels.It will be difficult to change this well-established pattern of professionalization, that is to evolve from specializations based on the form of event (such as ‘festival manager’, ‘exhibition designer’, or ‘convention planner’) to a generic ‘event management’ profession. No doubt the professional associations will continue to compete for members and prestige, although there are signs that some of the associations have been broadening their scope and appeal. The evolution towards generic event management will also be facilitated by educational institutions offering professional event management degrees, and by employers who will increasingly want adaptable professionals.Historically, there were few if any academic programs in event management prior to the 1990s. Since then the literature on events has exploded, accompanying a global move to establish diploma and degree programs. There are a growing number of Masters programs in event management, and numerous individual courses offered in tourism, leisure, sport and hospitality programs. In the United Kingdom, the Association for Events Management Education (AEME) was established in 2004 “…in order to support and raise the profile of the events discipline through the sharing of education and best practice” (www.aeme.co.uk).Several research journals are devoted to this field, starting with Festival Management and Event Tourism in 1993, later renamed Event Management. Convention and Exhibition Management was recently renamed Convention and Event Tourism, and an online journal of Event Management research has been established. The World Journal of Managing Events is the latest addition.2.2. Event studiesNew academic fields such as tourism, leisure or hospitality studies generally arise from professional practice that justifies courses or degree programs at universities and colleges. When a critical mass of students, programs, and teachers is reached, research and publications in research journals follow. The academics who teach, do research and publish within the emerging field typically need to elevate the status of their work from that of purely applied to something more theoretical and at the same time academically credible. This describes the evolution of tourism management with tourism studies, and recreation management with leisure studies, so we can similarly justify the relationships between ‘event management’ and ‘event studies’.The study of events has long existed within several disciplines, manifested in research and theory development on (for example) the anthropology, geography or economics of events, but the term ‘event studies’ appears to have been coined in 2000, and then only in passing in Getz's speech in the Events Beyond 2000 (Sydney) conference. In a 2002 article in Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management Getz explicitly discussed event studies and event management, questioning their possible status as disciplines or fields (Getz (1998), Getz (1999) and Getz (2002)).Event studies was an unnecessary and perhaps irrelevant idea until academics doing event-related teaching and research had published a critical mass of papers and books, met at event-specific research conferences, established event-specific journals, and generated sufficient interest in theory. In terms of events-related education the majority of programs appear to be at either the practical, hands-on level (encompassing ‘event design’) or those with emphasis on applying management theory and methods to events and event-producing organizations. Event tourism is generally covered within tourism degree programs as a topic or a single course.
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