Figure 2 illustrates how the element x5 = 8 is moved
during the execution of randomized Quicksort. Circled
elements are the selected pivots. The rst two selected
pivots 14 and 4 do not cause 8 to be swapped, since
8 is already correctly located with respect to the nal
positions of of the pivots 14 and 4. The rst pivot
causing 8 to be swapped is x15 = 7, since 5 = 7,
15 = 6, and 5 15 < 5..