Micropropagation through somatic embryogenesis is an option for the rapid
production of uniform plants. Somatic embryogenesis is a type of vegetative
propagation based on plant cell totipotency which offers a powerful alternative to other
vegetative propagation methods Somatic embryogenesis is the process by which
embryo like structures similar in structure and function originate directly or indirectly in large numbers through a callus phase from different types of explants. Somatic
embryogenesis (SE) ultimately is the developmental pathway by which somatic
cells develop into structures that resemble zygotic embryos (i.e., bipolar and without
vascular connection to the parental tissue) through an orderly series of characteristic
embryological stages without fusion ofgametes [43]. Somatic embryos obtained by
direct embryogenesis are less numerous than embryos derived from indirect
embryogenesis. Thus, the second type is generally preferred for lar