methodology and its validation
Proposed methodology is composed of several components and includes main steps which could solve research
questions and could become as conceptual tool for mobile learning content authoring tool (see Fig. 2).
This methodology shows how m-learning development components should interact. The methodology includes
full life cycle and best practice for development m-learning content and reusing and redesigning existing LO for
mobile platforms. There are several guidelines that offer answers to some m-learning questions; all steps of
instructional design to provide assistance in m-learning development were included during this project.
4.1. Incoming information and resources of mobile device learning content development
Mobile computing devices have included technologies that are transportable. That is essence of mobile learning –
accessing information and knowledge anywhere, anytime from devices that learners are used to “carrying
everywhere with them” and that they “regard as friendly and personal”16. Mobile technology based learning mostly
focuses on user support and activity based learning, leading experts in this field have mentioned several advantages
over traditional e-learning17: