Follow-up data were available for 77 patients (84%), of whom 78% had adequate and 22% had limited (8% marginal, 14% inadequate) health literacy. There were no differences between responders and nonresponders in health literacy or other baseline characteristics. At 3 months, paired t tests showed improvement in HbA1c, knowledge, and self-management behaviors for both literacy groups. For the adequate literacy group, effect sizes ranged from 0.53 for HbA1c and diabetes knowledge to 0.13 for exercise. For the limited literacy group, effect sizes ranged from 0.49 for HbA1c to 0.13 for exercise. Adjusted 3-month outcomes showed no significant differences between the groups in HbA1c, but patients with adequate health literacy had higher knowledge scores (Table 1). Patients with adequate health literacy exercised more, but patients with lower literacy reported better adherence to diet, self-glucose monitoring, and foot care.