Fladmoe-Lindquist (1996) develops a two-by-two matrix, with low and high levels of existing international franchising capabilities along the horizontal axis and high and low levels of capacity for developing international capabilities along the vertical axis. The classic well-known global franchising brands are in the highhigh cell (worldwide franchisors), while the domesticdominated franchisors are in the low-low cell (constrained franchisors). Conventional franchisors, in the high existing capability and low capacity for developing international capabilities combination, include well-established companies, with considerable domestic experience and even international experience, but which make little effort to ‘‘learn’’ about new markets or to adapt their offering. The integrating franchisors with low existing international franchising capabilities and high capacity for developing international capabilities are particularly interesting and include what we now call ‘‘born global’’ enterprises.