of non-glucose sugars’ metabolism and then by the sequential consumption
of non-glucose sugars upon glucose exhaustion (Rojo,
2010). As a result, the preferential oxidation of glucose over lactose
and further acidification resulted in lower overall lactobionic acid
yields under batch co-fermentation mode (Fig. 1). In addition, the
excess of glucose co-supply was overflowed through the phosphorylative
pathway increasing the respiration rather than supporting
higher cell densities (Fig. 1B).