Problem: EN bath manifests low plating rates
Probable cause/solution: a) low nickel concentration which may be ascertained by EDTA titration; b) low hypophosphite concentration determined by iodometric titrations; c) low pH which may be adjusted by using NH4OH or K2CO3; d) low temperature of the bath – corrected by adequate heating and improved agitation; e) higher concentration of stabilizer (follow directions from the bath supplier. This may make bath critical resulting in plate-out. A new bath preparation bath may be justifiable); f) apply optimum load ratio;