This study compared the CSA of the MF segments, weight bearing, pain, and functional disorders in patients with chronic low back pain who performed stabilization exercises using balls vs. general stabilization exercises. The stabilization exercises resulted in increases in the CSA of the MF segments, improvement in weight bearing, pain relief, and recovery from functional disorders, and the increases in the CSA of the MF of the L4 and L5 segments were greater in the experimental group that performed exercises using balls. Future studies should incorporate more subjects and longer intervention periods to compare the effects of exercises on the MF and surrounding muscles that contribute to spinal stabilization and to study the relationship between pain and functional disorders.