In dehydration states, such as that following diarrhoea, it is not uncommon for oliguria to occur until rehydration has taken place. The combined measurement of urinary volume and specific gravity (SG) or osmolality can be used for diagnostic purposes. SG may be measured with one drop of urine a and does not concentration using an osmometer: the presence of glucose and/or protein disproportionately affect the measurement. The SG for most laboratory species lies in the range 1.015-1,050. When the body is deprived of water for a period exceeding several hours, the urinary SG and osmolality increase. In renal insufficiency where there is tubular dysfunction, these indices do not increase so greatly. Conversely, when the body is loaded with water, SG and osmolality normally decrease along with an increase in urine flow. In severe tubular disease, the urine tends to remain at a uniform solute concentration, irrespective of whether the urine is formed under conditions of water deficit or excess. The application of a concentration or dilution test may provide a measure of the capacity of the tubules to perform osmotic work. Glycosuria may be
In dehydration states, such as that following diarrhoea, it is not uncommon for oliguria to occur until rehydration has taken place. The combined measurement of urinary volume and specific gravity (SG) or osmolality can be used for diagnostic purposes. SG may be measured with one drop of urine a and does not concentration using an osmometer: the presence of glucose and/or protein disproportionately affect the measurement. The SG for most laboratory species lies in the range 1.015-1,050. When the body is deprived of water for a period exceeding several hours, the urinary SG and osmolality increase. In renal insufficiency where there is tubular dysfunction, these indices do not increase so greatly. Conversely, when the body is loaded with water, SG and osmolality normally decrease along with an increase in urine flow. In severe tubular disease, the urine tends to remain at a uniform solute concentration, irrespective of whether the urine is formed under conditions of water deficit or excess. The application of a concentration or dilution test may provide a measure of the capacity of the tubules to perform osmotic work. Glycosuria may be
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