1. Introduction
Gelatin is commercially derived from collagen and the source,
age and type of collagen influence the properties of the gelatin
(Johnston-Banks, 1990). Gelatin has broad applications in the
food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and photographic industries.
However, limitations still exist among some consumers of gelatin from land animals (Asher, 1999) due to religious constraints.
Both Judaism and Islam forbid the consumption of any porkrelated products or non-religiously slaughter cattle products,
while Hindus do not consume cow-related products. Furthermore, the occurrence of bovine spongiform encephalopathy
(BSE), and foot and mouth disease have led to human health
concerns with the use of animal products (Badii & Howell, 2006).