They also say the findings show how people behave differently when they believe they are being watched, because they're concerned about what others will think of them. Generally, being seen as cooperative is desirable, because others are more likely to return the gesture when the individual needs help.
"People are less likely to be selfish if they feel they are being watched, which has huge implications for real life," Bateson said. "For example, this research could be applied to warnings about speed cameras on motorways. A sign bearing an image of a camera is less effective because it has to be actively processed by our brains. Our research, along with previous studies, suggests drivers would react much more quickly and positively to signs that display natural stimuli such as eyes and faces.