were sprayed with propolis at 3 doses: 5, 10, and 15%.
Eggs sprayed with propolis had lower egg weight loss
than eggs from groups A and B (P < 0.001). Bacterial
activity was reduced significantly in all propolis
groups. There were no significant differences between
treatments for hatchability, embryonic mortality, BW
gain, and relative growth. Results of the present study
indicated that propolis could be an alternative hatching
egg disinfectant versus a chemical disinfectant, without
adverse effects on hatchability and performance of quail
chicks