Candidiasis
Breast infection caused by Candida albicans in the puerperium is quite common. Infection can be superficial oraffect the lactiferous ducts, and often occurs in the presence of moist nipples (candida interacts with carbohydratecontaining substrates) and of lesions. Vaginal candidiasis, use of antibiotics, oral contraceptives and steroids and use of contaminated pacifiers increase the risk of breast candidiasis. Usually it is the infant who transmits the fungus, even if no symptoms are present. Candida infection often is characterized by itching, burning sensation and twinges in the nipples, which persist after breastfeeding. The nipples usually have a reddish and shiny appearance. Some mothers complain of burning and twinges in the breasts. The infant usually has oral white patches, which should not be mistaken for milk patches (the latter of which are removed without leaving a bloody area).