Three independent cleaning/sanitizing trials were conducted for each sanitation treatment. Approximately 63.5 kg of commercial creamy peanut butter was heated in the steam jacketed tank 2 (T2). Once the temperature of the peanut butter reached ~60 ? C, 800 g of inoculated peanut butter was added to T2. Surface grown cultures (sessile) were used as studies have shown their thermal resistance follows a linear trend