Small-scale processing in developing countries typically involves traditional or semi-traditional technologies, but products have to compete with those of the organized dairy sector (large-scale manufacturers or multinationals). Most small-scale processors do not have access to training, and learn by seeing, hearing and doing. As these businesses are run without formal skills they incur high risks and are of limited cost-effectiveness. Small-scale equipment for pasteurization, packaging in plastic sachets, and butter, yoghurt and cheese making exists, but small-scale processors often lack access to the equipment they need.