The production of FAandmorphological behavior are highly interrelated. Many previous studies
confirmed that pellet morphology was the most suitable form for FA production [13]. In the case of
hairy pellets, shaving off the hairs by the hydrodynamic force (during flask shaking) reseeds into
more mycelial growth and leads to damage and deactivation of both reseeded mycelia and the
pellets. This initiates the aging and vacuolation of the fungal hyphae and finally leads to activity
reduction of both pellet and reseeded mycelia [22]. Thus, the production of FAwas influenced by the
morphological forms of R. oryzae, while fermentation medium pH triggered the morphological
changes under the growth conditions of 200 rpm, 30 °C, and 25 g/L of TSC. Substrate pHvalue of 6
supported the highest production of FA and formation of solid pellet by R. oryzae as well.
Reconsidering the previously investigated best growth conditions (200 rpm, 30 °C, pH 5) for the
strain R. oryzae 1526 for highest production of FA, it can be concluded that with novel substrate
(BW in the present study), the optimum growth conditions for the same fungal strain varied
considerably which can be mainly attributed to the medium composition
The production of FAandmorphological behavior are highly interrelated. Many previous studiesconfirmed that pellet morphology was the most suitable form for FA production [13]. In the case ofhairy pellets, shaving off the hairs by the hydrodynamic force (during flask shaking) reseeds intomore mycelial growth and leads to damage and deactivation of both reseeded mycelia and thepellets. This initiates the aging and vacuolation of the fungal hyphae and finally leads to activityreduction of both pellet and reseeded mycelia [22]. Thus, the production of FAwas influenced by themorphological forms of R. oryzae, while fermentation medium pH triggered the morphologicalchanges under the growth conditions of 200 rpm, 30 °C, and 25 g/L of TSC. Substrate pHvalue of 6supported the highest production of FA and formation of solid pellet by R. oryzae as well.Reconsidering the previously investigated best growth conditions (200 rpm, 30 °C, pH 5) for thestrain R. oryzae 1526 for highest production of FA, it can be concluded that with novel substrate(BW in the present study), the optimum growth conditions for the same fungal strain variedconsiderably which can be mainly attributed to the medium composition
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