This study examines the impact of New Rice for Africa varieties (NERICAs) adoption on income and poverty among rice farming household in Nigeria. It used instrumental variables (IV)-based estimator to estimate the Local Average Treatment Effect (LATE) of adoption of NERICA on income and poverty reduction, using cross-sectional data of 481farmers from the three major rice ecologies of Nigeria namely upland, lowland and irrigated. The findings reveal a robust positive and significant impact of NERICA variety adoption on farm household income and welfare measured by per capita expenditure and poverty reduction. Specifically, the empirical results suggest that adoption of NERICA varieties raises household per capita expenditure and income by an average of 4739.96 and 63771.94 Nigeria Naira per cropping season respectively, thereby reducing their probability of falling below the poverty line. The therefore suggest that intensification of the investment on NERICA dissemination is a reasonable policy instrument to raise incomes and reduce poverty among rice farming household, although complementary measures are also needed.