Kots’ argument for the use of electrical stimulation
combined with voluntary exercise was that the commonly
used exercise programs (those used at the time)
build muscle bulk and muscle force but ignore the role
of skill and fine motor control in athletic performance.11
Electrical stimulation, however, preferentially recruits
the fast-twitch, fast-fatiguable motor units associated with
sudden, rapid movement, precise motor control, and
gracefulness of movement. Thus, Kots argued, by a
combination of exercise and electrical stimulation, an
optimal force-enhancing regimen can be effected—one
that maintains athletic skills and coordination in line
with increases in muscle force. Although Kots’ claim of
preferential recruitment by electrical stimulation is well
documented,15 as is the involvement of fast-twitch fibers
in rapid or correctional movement,16 the claims regarding
gracefulness, athletic skill, and coordination are
more open to question.
Kots’ argument for the use of electrical stimulationcombined with voluntary exercise was that the commonlyused exercise programs (those used at the time)build muscle bulk and muscle force but ignore the roleof skill and fine motor control in athletic performance.11Electrical stimulation, however, preferentially recruitsthe fast-twitch, fast-fatiguable motor units associated withsudden, rapid movement, precise motor control, andgracefulness of movement. Thus, Kots argued, by acombination of exercise and electrical stimulation, anoptimal force-enhancing regimen can be effected—onethat maintains athletic skills and coordination in linewith increases in muscle force. Although Kots’ claim ofpreferential recruitment by electrical stimulation is welldocumented,15 as is the involvement of fast-twitch fibersin rapid or correctional movement,16 the claims regardinggracefulness, athletic skill, and coordination aremore open to question.
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