Aedes Larval Survey and Monitoring
As mentioned above, the entomological surveys were conducted between the wet (November-December 2012) and dry (March-April 2013) seasons, based on the baseline meteorological data such as monthly rainfall and rainfall days (Figure 2). Mean monthly rainfall and rainfall days in 2012–2014 wet season are 687.15 mm and 21 days, whereas, in 2012–2014 dry season, there were 123.7 mm and 7.5 days. Prior to the Aedes larval survey in 2012, two entomological survey teams including the authors were trained in how to standardize qualitatively the cluster random sampling of houses as well as in how to observe, collect any larva or pupa found in any water-holding containers, and record the information of any water-holding container type, whether artificial or natural, found in any household as described below. Because environmental cleaning practices at household level [15, 21–23] might influence the indoor and outdoor distributions of water-holding containers whether or not they yielded larva productivity in any season, the surveyed containers that did not contain water were not recorded. All the surveyed households were georeferenced, and photographic evidence was recorded to compare whether the indoor and outdoor distributions of water-holding containers found between two seasons were the same. In any positive water-holding container, any larva or pupa stage of Ae. aegypti or Ae. albopictus initially monitored using the flashlight was collected, placed into a 200 mL plastic cup with cover [9], and then transferred to the laboratory. Then, pictorial keys for the identification of Ae. aegypti or Ae. albopictus [27] were used to taxonomically examine any larva found in any positive container by the entomological experts..