The real psychological phenomena that most seriously might support dualism concern conscious
experience. Your consciousness includes perceptual experiences such as colors, shapes, sounds,
tastes, smells, and touches. You are also often aware of emotional states (e.g., being happy or sad),
bodily feelings (pain, fullness after a meal), and thoughts (I am now reading this chapter). One of the
biggest remaining challenges for neuropsychology is to come up with a plausible explanation of how
such experiences arise from brain processes. Some materialist philosophers and behaviorist
scientists have attempted to stave off the challenge of consciousness by denying its existence, but for
most people the conscious aspect of perceiving, feeling, and thinking is undeniable. To ignore
consciousness would amount to admitting that it provides insurmountable evidence supporting the
soul hypothesis over mind-brain identity.