The scale consists of statements about families to which adolescents indicated the degree to which they agree on a 4-point scale(strongly disagree to strongly agree). We divided the sum by 9 to give a mean score from 1.0 to 4.0 with lower scores implying better family functioning. We used the cut-point < 2.7 as high functioning based on previous evidence that this cut-point effectively discriminates between healthy and unhealthy functioning in families with young children and older adolescents.