Table 1 underlines the high growth in total factor productivity from 1986 to 1990, thanks to new incentive structures for smallholders generated by Resolution 10. The increasing use between 1991 and 1995 of farm input such as fertilizers and pesticides is reflected in price increases for agricultural products and is partly the result of the better availability of rural credit that the Vietnam Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development initiated in 1993. From 1996 to 2005, the role of land expansion becomes clear, enabled by increasing production efficiency, more capital-intensive input, and improvements in existing irrigation systems.