Although the fraud at Enron was extremely complex, a major issue was that many of its SPEs did not meet the equity financing requirement. These SPEs were organized as partnerships, and Enron’s chief financial officer, Andrew Fastow, was the managing general partner of a number of them. Fastow and other Enronemployees were among the parties providing equity capital to the SPEs. Enron guaranteed these investors that they would not only get back what they had invested, but that they would also receive substantial returns. For instance, Fastow received over $30 million as an investor in the SPEs related to Enron. The guaranteed returns violated the 3 percent at-risk equity financing requirement. Therefore, the SPEs’ debt should have been included on Enron’s balance sheet.