Clinical suspicion is the first and most vital step in managing Acanthamoeba. A detailed clinical history will usually reveal risk factors—either contact lens wear in western countries or trauma and water exposure in the developing world. Despite this, the early clinical appearance will usually mimic HSV keratitis, and thus most patients undergo treatment for this in the first few weeks or months. Failure to respond swiftly to antiviral or antibacterial therapy should always raise the suspicion of acanthamoeba. Amoebic cultures should be ordered for any corneal scrape where there is clinical suspicion and every time when a repeat scrape needs to be taken due to lack of growth. Acanthamoeba feeds readily on an inactivated E coli set on an agar plate, and cultures need to be checked under a light microscope daily for trails that indicate migration of Acanthamoeba. Cultures are used in conjunction with a smear slide for microscopy and often a small corneal lamellar disc biopsy, taken under local anaesthetic. These may be examined by staining with with calcofluor-white or immunoperoxidase [20] to aid in the detection of the trophozoites or cysts. Recent advances in immunohistological staining such as Acanthamoeba specific monoclonal antibodies reported by Turner et al. [21] have added to the precision in which Acanthamoeba may be detected by traditional laboratory methods.