where Kcm is the average Kc that considers the average impact of evaporation from soil. Ksoil represents the average Kc from the nonvegetated (exposed) portion of the soil surface during the same
period as Kd and Kc full, and Kc full represents Kc from a fully covered soil with some background evaporation. When leaf area index (LAI) or fraction of ground cover (fc) is measured or approximated, Kd
can be estimated using the approaches by Allen et al. (1998):