To control for differences between natural random and non-random distribution, we inserted repeatedly (10 times in each region) a number of random points equal to the number of cage farms in every region, using the “create random point function” in ArcMap within a 1 km zone around the coast, corresponding to the distance from the coast at which we found all the cage farms. Differences in median distance to the coral reef between random points and cage farms were compared using the Kruskal Wallis rank sum test in R version 2.15.0.